Copyright: R. Paul Singh

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Click here to view a new book on Virtual Experiments in Food Processing. This book, with a CD-ROM, contains 17 simulations of common food processing operations. The simulations are organized to allow their use in teaching a course on food processing laboratory.

Chapter 1 (Introduction) Figure 1.3(Flexible System Boundary), 1.9(Pressure in Water Column)

Chapter 2 (Fluid Flow) Figures 2.1 (Pipelines in milk pasteurization), 2.8a(Steel block), 2.8b (Fluid layer), 2.9 (deck of cards), 2.13 (Reynolds experiment), 2.16 (Moody Diagram), 2.21 (Centrifugal pump), 2.35 (Pitot tube), 2.36 (orifice plate), 2.46 (Velocity Ratio for non-Newtonian Fluids)

Chapter 4 (Heat Transfer) Figures 4.2 (plate heat exchanger), 4.4 (Five stage plate pasteurizer), 4.5 (Juice pasteurization process), 4.6 (tubular heat exchanger, 4.7 (triple-tube heat exchanger), 4.8 (shell and tube heat exchanger) 4.9 (scraped-surface heat exchanger), 4.10 (steam infusion heat exchanger), 4.13, 4.15 (Conduction in a Wall), 4.16 (Conduction in a pipe), 4.17 (Conduction multilayer wall), 4.18 (Conduction multi-layer pipe), 4.23 (forced convection), 4.25 (natural convection), 4.33 (Temperature profiles), 4.35 (Temperature-Time Charts), 4.38 (Finite Cylinder), 4.40 (Pflug Chart-fvalue), 4.41 (jc vs Biot Number), 4.42 (jm vs Biot Number), 4.43 (Dipole rotation), 4.44 (Microwave Oven)

Chapter 6 (Refrigeration) ,Figure 6.3 (Refrigeration System), 6.12 (Pressure Enthalpy Chart), E6.1(Pressure-Enthalpy Chart-Ideal), E6.2 (Pressure-Enthalpy Chart-Superheated/Subcooled) , 6.15 (Expansion Valve), 6.17, 6.18(Pressure Enthalpy Chart-Ideal), 6.19(Pressure-Enthalpy Chart-Superheated/Subcooled)

Chapter 7 (Freezing) Figures 7.1 (Schematic of Plate Freezer), 7.2, 7.3 (Plate Freezer), 7.4(spiral air blast freezer) , 7.5, 7.6(Direct Contact Freezing), 7.7(fluidized bed freezer), 7.8(Immersion Freezer), 7.16 (Plank's equation)

Chapter 8 (Evaporation) Figures 8.1(Single-effect evaporator), 8.2 (Multi-effect evaporator), 8.4 (pan evaporator), 8.5 (natural-circulation evaporator) , 8.6 (rising film evaporator), 8.7 (falling film evaporator), 8.8 (rising-falling evporator), 8.9 (forced circulation evaporator)

Chapter 9 (Psychrometrics) 9.1(Psychrometric Chart) ,9.3(heating of air), 9.4 (Mixing of air), 9.4(example), 9.5 (Adiabatic Saturation), E 9.3 (Mixing of air example); E 9.4 (Adiabatic Saturation example),

Chapter 10 (Mass Transfer) Figures 10.1 (Diffusion of gases), 10.3 (Unsteady State Mass Transfer Chart), 10.4 (Mass transfer through a polymeric film), 10.7

Chapter 11 (Membrane Separation) Figures 11.1 Membrane systems, 11.4 (Ion-selective membrane), 11.6 (Reverse Osmosis), 11.8 (Separation in pressure driven membrane), 11.12 (Tubular membrane)

Chapter 12 (Dehydration) Figures 12.4 (cabinet drier) , 12.5 (Cabinet Vacuum Drier), 12.6 (concurrent flow drier), 12.7 (counter-current flow drier), 12.8 (fluidized-bed drier) , 12.9 (spray drier), 12.10 (freeze drier)

Disclaimer : This work is a guide providing general information concerning the subject matter; it is not a procedure manual or complete detailed description of the equipment. The users should consult current procedural manuals for state-of-the-art instructions and applicable government safety regulations for any of the equipment shown. The author does not accept responsibility for any misuse of the figures provided in this website, including their use as a procedural manual or as a source of specific insturctions.